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REPORT ON 



WIND CAVE, CRATER LAKE, SULLYS HILL, AND 

PLATT NATIONAL PARKS, AND 

CASA GRANDE RUIN 



1909 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF 

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 




WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1909 



REPORT ON 



WIND CAVE, CRATER LAKE, SULLYS HILL, AND 

PLATT NATIONAL PARKS, AND 

CASA GRANDE RUIN 



1909 



COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF 

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 




WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1909 






©o 01' -- 

JAN 22 1919 



REPORT ON WIND CAVE, CRATER LAKE, SULLYS HILL, AND 
PLATT NATIONAL PARKS, AND CASA GRANDE RUIN. 



WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK. 

By the act of Congress approved January 9, 1903 (32 Stat., 765), 
a tract of land containing 10,522 acres in tlie State of South Dakota, 
12 miles east of the town of Hot Springs and the same distance south- 
east of Custer, was reserved and withdrawn from settlement, entry, 
sale, and other disposition, and set apart as a public park, to be 
known as the "Wind Cave National Park." 

The park is placed under the exclusive control of the Secretary of 
the Interior, who, among other things, is authorized to prescribe 
rules and regulations and establish such service as may be deemed 
necessary in its management and protection, and, in his discretion, 
to rent or lease the cave from which the park takes its name, and 
also parcels of land for the erection of buildings for the accommo- 
dation of visitors. The fund arising from such rentals is covered 
into the Treasury and made available for expenditure in the care and 
improvement of the park. 

At the time of the creation of the park there were 10 entries cover- 
ing lands therein, aggregating 1,519.15 acres, 5 of which, covering 
799.76 acres, have since been canceled, and the remaining 5 entries 
have been found proper in all respects and patents issued therefor, 
as follows: 

NE. 1 NW. 1 and NW. i NE. i, sec. 35, T. 5 S., R. 5 E., Black Hills meridian; 
Jonathan C. West; F. C. 3003, patented December 31, 1904; 80 acres. 

SE. J NE. i and lots 1 and 2, sec. 2, T. 6 S., R. 5 E.; George A. Stabler; F. C. 
2666; patented September 11, 1905; 159.39 acres. 

SE. i, sec. 2, same township and range; Susanna I). McDonald; C. E. 3770; pat- 
ented December 10, 1895; 160 acres. 

NE. I, sec. 11, same township and range; Kate M. Stabler; F. C. 2600; patented 
September 26, 1902; 160 acres. 

NW. \, sec. 12, same township and range; Margarethe Drenkhahn; F. C. 2434; 
patented May 8, 1901; 160 acres. 

This gives a total of 719.39 acres of patented lands remaining in 
the park, which, for administrative purposes, should be eliminated 
through appropriation by Congress for their purchase. 

Mr. Seth Bullock, now marshal for the district of South Dakota, 
has, with the consent of the Attorney-General, been continued in 
general charge of the reservation, in an advisory capacity, and the 
superintendent, Mr. J. E. Pilcher, who succeeded Mr. WilUam A. 
Rankin on May 1, 1909, confers with him in regard to its adminis- 
tration. This course has aided in the effective management during 
the past season. 

(3) 



A revocable privileo;e has been granted to the wife of the super- 
intendent, in the absence of other accommodations in the park^ 
to furnish meals to tourists at 50 cents each, which service has 
proved satisfactory in the past. The old building, constructed 
m 1893, in which Wals are served, has been repaired and greatly 
improved in appearance. The number of tourists to the park dur- 
ing the year was 3,216. 

During the season six permits were granted for the transportation 
of passengers in and through the reservation at the rate of $50 per 
vehicle, such fee being charged in the case of liverymen, outfitters, 
and others operating for profit. One of these was for automobile 
transportation. 

No apphcations were received for the driving of cattle or other 
stock through the park. 

Regulations corresponding to those heretofore issued for the 
other national parks, providing for the impounding of trespassing 
cattle in the Wind Cave National Park, were promulgated in 1908, 
but settlers and stock owners in the vicinity protested against the 
enforcement of such regulations, claiming that they had always 
used the park lands as a free range, and, in the absence of fencing, 
it would be very difficult to keep their stock outside of the bound- 
aries. In view of such representations the impounding regulations 
were suspended indefinitely. As a protective measure against tres- 
passing stock an early appropriation is recommended for the con- 
struction of a fence entirel}^ around the park. 

There have been no forest fires in or near the park during the year. 
Some wild animals abound, especially the coyote and prairie wolf; 
others are the black and white tail deer, badger, porcupine, skunk, 
and red squirrel. There are also some game birds, such as grouse, 
quail, and wild duck, in the park, as well as the eagle, hawk, thrush, 
woodpecker, and magpie. 

The superintendent reports that the spring rams damaged the 
roads in the southern part of the reservation, and considerable repair 
work has been necessary. One abutment of the first bridge south of 
the cave was washed out, requiring the construction of a temporary 
road around the same during repairs. He recommends stone abut- 
ments for the three bridges immediately south of the cave, as the 
gypsum soil, when wet or under heavy pressure, is difficult to hold 
in place, and the bridges require constant surveiffance; good build- 
ing stone can be obtained within 1 mile. Roads and bridges are 
now in fair condition, althougli requiring daily work on account of 
continuous rains. . «? i j 

The cave house has been remodeled, inside conveniences afforded 
tourists, and the stairway leading thereto replaced by a new one. 
It is reported that the wooden stairways in several chambers of the 
cave rot in a year or two and become unsafe, and that some of these 
now need replacing. The superintendent recommends the opening 
up of new chambers or territory during the winter, as no exploration 
work can be conducted during the tourist season. 

The office building has been equipped with eave troughs, and tile 
piping laid to drain water from the building. A stone wall of rough 
ashlers is necessary along the front of the office and residence to pro- 
tect the grounds from constant washing during the rainy season. 
The rock therefor can be obtained near by. 



The superintendent recoiuniends the construction of a rough lum- 
ber stable for the accommodation of the teams of tourists, to replace 
the old shed now used, which is not worth repairing. New gates for 
the north and south entrances have been ordered. 

The buildings in the reservation now consist of the following: 
Superintendent's oflice, in good condition; cave house, in good con- 
dition; restaurant building, passable with recent repairs; and black- 
smith shop, constructed of rough lumber and whitewashed during 
the past season. 

Native trees have been transplanted to the grounds surrounding 
the superintendent's office and are doing well. Water has been 
piped to convenient points f5r watering the same. 

An estimate for an appropriation of S2,500 for the protection and 
improvement of the park has been submitted to Congress. 

ICRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK. 

By the act of Congress approved May 22, 1902 (32 Stat., 202), the 
tract of land bounded on the north by the parallel 43 ° 4' north lati- 
tude, south by 42° 48' north latitude, east by the meridian 122° west 
longitude, and west by the meridian 122° 16' west longitude, having 
an area of 249 square miles, or 159,360 acres, in the State of Oregon, 
and including Crater Lake, was reserved and withdrawn from settle- 
ment, occupancy, or sale under the laws of the United States, and: 
dedicated and set apart forever as a public park or pleasure ground 
for the benefit of the people, to be known as ''Crater Lake National 
Park." 

The act setting aside these lands for park purposes differed from 
legislation creating other national parks in that it })rovided, among 
other things, that the reservation should be open "to the location or 
mining claims and the working of the same." It was not believed, 
however, to be the purpose of this provision to extend the mining 
laws to the reservation without limitation, but only to authorize the 
location and working of mining claims therein in such manner as not 
to interfere with or prejudicially affect the general purpose for wliich 
the reservation was established. The regulations for the govern- 
ment of the park, which were reissued June 10, 1908, clearly define 
the conditions under which this privilege is to be exercised. 

The Geological Survey has, at the request of the department, 
undertaken a topographic survey of this reservation, and the remon- 
umenting of certain portions of the boundary, with a view to secur-. 
ing an authentic administrative map. The field work on this map. 
is now practically completed. 

In the fall of 1908 little improvement work could be attended to, 
owing to continual snows and heavy rains during October. Consid- 
erable repair work was necessary in November, which was also noted 
for heavy storms. 

Late in the fall of 1908 the boat on Crater Lake and all tools and 
implements were properlj^ housed, the flooring was removed from 
bridges and stacked up on the ground, and the fences, gates, and 
bridges braced to withstand the weight of the snows, wliich were 
unprecedentedly heavy during the past winter. On November 23 
the superintendent, Mr. W. F. Arant, and his family left the reser- 
vation and took up winter quarters at Klamath Falls, Oreg., all tourist 
travel being impossible after that date. 



In April of the present year the superintendent returned to the 
park headquarters through 12 feet of snow and discovered that con- 
siderable damage had been done to the house, barn, and some other 
buildings. During the months of May and June he made temporary 
headquarters at Fort Klamath, 17 miles from the park headquarters, 
in order to better care for the injured buildings. 

After July 1 road, trail, and other improvements were started. 
By the use of heavier and stronger timbers, steeper roofs, and im- 
proved workmanship during the year it is believed that the collapsing 
of the roofs in winter may be avoided. At the date of this report, 
after expending about $700 upon buildings, $300 upon roads, trails, 
bridges, and fences, and $100 for tools and implements, all improve- 
ments were in as good shape as the limited appropriation would 
permit. 

The superintendent has heretofore recommended that the trail to 
Sand Creek and Mount Scott be converted into a good wagon road, 
in order to make these scenic points more accessible; also that new 
trails be constructed along the rim of the crater to Watchman and 
Glacier peaks, and from the present wagon road to the crater, thence 
to Crater Peak and down along Sun Creek. 

At the time of the creation of the park there were 15 land entries, 
12 of which, totaling 1,914.22 acres, have been patented. Unper- 
fected homestead entries Nos. 2415, 2620, and 2660, aggregating 
481.11 acres, were canceled in 1908 and 1909. The patented-land 
acreage includes a considerable portion of original timber land entries 
Nos. 2116 and 2120 (patented to Daniel M. and Arthur C. Griffith, 
respectively), which extend beyond the park boundary line. 

The title of the State of Oregon to school sections 16 and 36 within 
the park boundaries had been extinguished before the creation of 
the reservation, bv selection of other land in lieu thereof, except a 
tract containing 192.20 acres in the N. \ of sec. 16, T. 32 S., R. 7* E., 
which has since been disposed of by the State to private parties. 

The department recommends the condemnation and purchase of all 
private claims with a view to better administration. The superin- 
tendent believes that in the near future summer-resort hom-'S may 
be established upon such lands, wliich will increase the difficulties 
of athninistration and also add to the aggregate sum which the Gov- 
ernment will eventually have to pay the owners. 

The condition of animals and birds in the park is much the same as 
reported last year. Only those species are found which were common 
to the reservation before its creation. Deer, bear, and other game 
appear to be on the increase, and some have become quite tame. 
Panthers, mountain lions, lynxes, and coyotes are few, and none of 
the smaller game has been killed or injured by such predatory ani- 
mals. Squirrels, chipmunks, and ground hogs are quite numerous, 
and in the higher mountains some fishers, pine martins, and other 
small fur-bearing animals can be found. 

The increase in grouse and timber pheasants,is gratifying. A num- 
ber of other birds, such as the blue jay, black-headed jay, canqj rob- 
ber or Rocky Mountain jay, the oriole, and the snowbird, also make 
the park their summer home. Some broods of young ducks have been 
seen on Crater Lake, but Wizard Island, where they gather, is not 
regarded as a favorite nesting ground. Flocks of wild geese have 



also been seen resting from their migratory flight, but the lake eleva- 
tion is too high and cold to be the natural habitat of wild waterfowl. 

During the winter season nearly all animals drift to lower grounds 
outside of the park boundary. The superintendent recommends 
the extension of the park, to include a lower section of the country 
on the slope of the Cascade Mountains, to afford additional protec- 
tion to this game. 

Fishing has been permitted in Crater Lake from July 1 to September 
30 with hook and line, each person being limited to five per day. 
The only species in such lake are the rainbow and lake trout. There 
were no fish in the lake naturally, but it is believed that the libera- 
tion of a large number of the young of the rainbow trout would 
greatly improve this body of water. Food fish from near by could 
be secured to keep up the quality and number of such fish. The 
Dolly Varden trout and the lake trout from Klamath Lake are found 
in Anna Creek. All waters would be improved by stocking with 
good varieties of trout. 

Only one small forest fire was discovered in the vicinity of Crater 
Peak; by prompt attention and the assistance of a heavy rain this 
was extinguished before any damage was done. 

Camp Arant, maintained by the Crater Lake Company under con- 
tract with this department, was opened July 5 for the accommo- 
dation of tourists. Camp Crater, 5 miles from the former and upon 
the rim of the crater, was established July 20. Fiv6 hundred and 
forty-four persons were accommodated at these camps, and a large 
proportion thereof took the boat trip upon the lake, this and other 
transportation service being permitted under the Crater Lake Com- 
pany's contract. 

The registration book shows a total of 4,171 persons visiting the 
reservation. Making allowance for those unable to register, it is 
estimated that the total was probably 5,000. Few persons camped 
in the park more than one night. 

The superintendent submits an estimate of the appropriation 
required for the next fiscal year, as follows: Salaries, $2,865; con- 
struction and repair of roads, trails, and bridges, $29,200; repairs 
and improvements to buildings and fences, electric lighting plant, 
tools and implements, and emergencv expenses, $3,275; total, 
$35,340. 

PLATT NATIONAL PARK. 

Bv the acts of Congress of Julv 1, 1902 (32 Stat., 641), and April 
21, 1904 (33 Stat., 220), 629.33 a"iid 218.89 acres, respectively, at the 
town of Sulphur, Okla. (then Indian Territory), were segregated as 
the "Sulphur Springs Reservation," which designation, b}^ joint 
resolution anproved June 29, 1906, was chan2;ed to "Piatt National 
Park." 

The park, with a total area of 848.22 acres, extends in irregular 
form a distance of ap])roximately 3 miles from northeast to south- 
west along Travertine Creek, including a portion of Kock Creek, which 
empties into the former, and it has a circuit of 9 miles. 

Within the park are 33 known mineral and 2 nonmineral s])rings. 
The ])rincipal groups are the Bromide and Bromide-Sul})luir springs 
in the southwestern part of the ])ark, Beacli and Pavilion s]) rings in 



8 

the northwestern corner, and the Wilson group in the southern ])art. 
Sulphur sprino-s ])redoniinate, but there are also bromide, soda, and 
iron varieties. The Antelope and Buffalo springs, nonmineral in 
character, are sitnated at the extreme northeastern end of the Piatt 
National Park, with an elevation of 1,08:^ feet above sea level and an 
approximate discharge of 5,000.000 gallons dail^y into Travertine 
Creek. 

The following is a statement of the mineral springs wliich have 
been to some extent developed and improved, together with the esti- 
mated dailv flow in each case: 

Gallons. 

Bromide Springs (3) 275 

Bromide-Sulphur 250 

Taff or Black Sulphur 500 

Hillside 129, 600 

Pavilion Springs (7) 200, 600 

Beach Springs (3) 125, 000 

Wilson ' 1 , 000 

Jericho 200 

A watchman oversees the distribution of water at Bromide Springs. 

The pavilion over Hillside Spring was very badly damaged by 
severe windstorms during the past year, and is now in a dilapidated 
and dangerous condition. The superintendent, Mr. A. R. Greene, 
suggests the construction of a new pavihon at this point commen- 
surate with the importance of the spring, with a semicircular iiiclos- 
ure of concrete for protection from the hillside drainage, a flooring of 
concrete, and a bowl or reservoir in the center of the pavilion, together 
with concrete seats, the estimated cost being S2,500. 

Approximately 2,500 head of cattle and horses have been driven 
across the park during the year. But httle, if any, of this stock 
was shipped from Sulphur, it being in transit from the winter range 
in the brakes of the Washita to the summer range on the prairie 
north of the town. 

The jmrk was fenced during the year, at a total cost of $1,855. 
Nearly 9 miles of fencing was required for the boundaries of the 
park and 3 miles for the lanes constructed for the benefit of the 
public. The principal lane, which has been named ''Buckhorn," 
leads from Second street on the north, by the most practicable 
route, to the southeastern corner of the park, and is a thoroughfare 
between Scullin and Sulphur, also acconmiodating a large farming 
community along Buckhorn and Oil creeks. Branching off from 
this is a lane to Bromide Springs, aft'ording a short and pleasant 
route for citizens on the north; this has been named "Bromide." 
The Sulphur-Bromide lane starts from the same point on Buck- 
horn lane, running to Sulphur-Bromide Springs, and accommodates 
a farming community along lower Rock Creek. Another short lane, 
the "Lockwood," affords entrance to the park from the southeast; 
this connects with the Brookside trail, which runs the whole length 
of Travertine Creek. 

The Cliff side foot trail, constructed this year, runs westerly from 
Sulphur-Bromide Springs and meanders down the face of the cliff 
to Bromide Springs. It is three-quarters of a mile in length, is 
much frequented, and makes accessible some very beautiful scenery. 
The main entrance to the reservation at Second street on the north 
has been graded and improved, and this is the greatest thoroughfare 



for persons on foot approaching West Central Park and the Pavilion 
Springs. The Riverside trail, extending from near Pavilion Springs 
to a junction with ClifFside trail, affords another short route from 
the north. The condition of all roads and trails is fairly good. After 
July 1, 1909, onl}'^ small outlays from the monthly contingent fund 
can be used for supervision and repairs, owing to the limited amount 
available, and little can be done should the park be visited by tor- 
rential rains, such as were experienced last season. 

The rock arch footbridge, constructed across Travertine Creek 
during the year, at a total cost of $3,985, was completed and dedi- 
cated as "Lincoln Bridge" on February 12, 1909, with appropriate 
exercises; it is universally admired for its beaut}" and durability. 
Ornamental shrubs and flowers have been planted at each end. 

A massive steel bridge was completed across Rock Creek at Davis 
avenue on June 16, 1909, at a total cost of S7,380, and dedicated 
upon the day of opening as the ''Washington Bridge." This bridge 
has a roadway of reinforced concrete, with a pavement of creosoted 
wooden blocks on top. Six foot sidewalks are made of reinforced 
concrete without the blocks. The superintendent considers this 
the most useful improvement that could ha.A^e ])een nuide in the park: 
it aifords a highway for heavy teams between two railroad stations, 
and is of special benefit to the city of Sulphur rather than the park. 

Other small wagon or foot bridges were constructed during the 
year. One, built across a rocky gulch in East Central Park, was 
made necessary to replace a bridge theretofore constructed aci oss Sul- 
phur Iain, which was abandoned with a view to the realigimient of 
the wagon road crossing the park at its widest point. A new culvert 
was built along the new road to accommodate the surface water of 
Sulphur Run ravine below Pavilion Springs. 

The Bromide Springs wire suspension bridge, completed June 20,^ 

1908, has been used by about 136,590 persons visiting the Bromide 
Springs during the first year of its existence, and it was so well built 
that no repairs or outlay of any kind have been necessary. 

The salaries of the park force during the fiscal year aggregated 
$5,545.50. Improvements (other than the two large bridges and 
fencing, for which amounts have been given), as well as electric light, 
telephone, and other services, and contingencies, aggregated $3,440.72. 
The grand total of expenditures was $22,206.22, leaving on July 1, 

1909, an available balance of $5,843.14, which, with the small reve- 
nue now accruing from transportation and other licenses ($114 sa 
far this year), will not be sufficient to do any more than carry the 
present force of employees, provide electric light antl telephone serv- 
ice, and a small contingent fund. 

Thirteen transportation and two photogi-aphic permits have been 
issued since July 1, 1909. It is almost impossible to secure any pro- 
posals for establishing refreshment stand, boating, or other services 
in the park, although its location adjoining the town of Sulphur is 
in its favor. Formerly the mineral waters were shipped from Sul- 
phur in considerable quantities; the Bromide Springs waters being 
particularly noted for their medicinal qualities, but no applications 
for a license of this character have been received in the past few 
years. 

As a result of a topographic survey undertaken by the Geological 
Survey in 1908, a map or the park showing drainage, location of 



10 

the springs, etc., has now been issued, and is of great advantage in 
administrative work. 

In 1907 the city of Sulphur was granted temporary permission to 
take water from Travertine Creek, just below what is known as ' 'Little 
Niagara," for domestic water supply and fire protection, to the extent 
of 100,000 gallons daily. The provision was made that the city 
should construct a 500,000-gallon storage reservoir outside the park 
limits, but this requirement has not yet been complied with. It is 
stated that the city is in financial straits, can not get the money 
to make such improvements, and will endeavor to have Congress 
authorize the use of this water permanently and with less restrictions. 

In 1907 and 1908 estimates were submitted to Congress for the 
construction of a sanitary sewer system, with laterals to intersect 
others connecting with the city's system, to convey from the park 
lands the drainage and sewage which, owing to the topographic con- 
ditions, now run into and contaminate the creeks and springs of the 
reservation. The engineer's estimate of the cost of a system with an 
outlet beyond Bromide Springs, just outside of the boundary, was 
$27,962; this, the superintendent thinks, would probably be increased 
to $35,000 before completion of the work. He now submits a plan 
which he believes would provide an equally serviceable sewer — the 
construction of a dam across Rock Creek and the valley at a point 
considerably above Bromide Springs with the triple purpose of dis- 
posing of the sewage, establishing an electric-light plant for the park, 
and providing an expanse of water upon which sail, power, a'nd row 
boats could be operated. This will result in submerging Coney Island 
and will form a lake with the surface about 940 feet above sea level. 
This plan would obviate the necessity for extending the sewer any 
farther than the lower end of Coney Island, on the eastern side of the 
submerged area, the whole project being estimated to cost $18,650. 
The merits of this plan have not been investigated by the department. 

Last year Congress made an appropriation for the present fiscal 
year ($15,000 of which was to be expended for the sewer system, 
provided the city expended an equal sum), payable from the revenues. 
As the balance of the revenue fund is barely sufficient to cover sala- 
ries, however, no such improvement can be undertaken, and further- 
more, it is understood that the city is not in a financial condition to 
do its part. On account of the lack of sewerage facilities and the 
long drought during the past summer, the park has become quite 
filthy in certain parts, and the residents of the locality have pre- 
sented petitions urging immediate appropriation by Congress to 
improve the sanitary conditions, which threaten the health of the 
community. If an appropriation is made for the park in the sum 
of $25,000, the estimate submitted to Congress, it will be possible to 
begin sewer construction next year and carry on the entire project to 
completion as future appropriations are available. 

Most gratifying results have been obtained by sodding portions of 
the park with Bermuda grass, and the cultivation of oats, alfalfa, 
corn, etc., for the park stock. This also prevents these tracts from 
growing up in rank weeds, which mar the landscape and produce 
disease. 

The superintendent recommends that the present restrictions 
imposed upon stock owners through the construction of the fence to 
keep out their stock be adhered to by allowing the fences and lanes 



11 

to remain as at present, where they were placed after careful con- 
sideration. He reports that a residence and administration building 
will be required in the near future, and should be located upon a 
commanding; knoll southwest of the present office, where it will 
afford a view of the whole pafk and of the city of Sulphur. The 
further recommendation is made that an electric-light plant be 
established. 

The park has recognizetl advantages for the holding of general 
conventions, and accommodating religious, educational, fraternal, and 
other gatherings. Approximately 25,000 persons visited the park 
during the year, 1,000 coming by wagon and camping for three days 
or more. The Bromide Springs register shows an attendance during 
the fiscal year of 106,332. Many of these were citizens of Sulphur, 
visiting the springs each day, who were counted at each visit. The 
Pavilion Springs probably had a still greater local attendance. 

SULLYS HILL PARK. 

This reservation, set aside by executive proclamation dated June 
2, 1904, under the act approved April 27, 1904 (33 Stat., 319), con- 
tains about 780 acres. It is located on the south shore of Devils Lake, 
North Dakota, having about 2 miles of shore line, with its western 
boundary 1 mile east of the Fort Totten Indian School. Inasmuch as 
no appropriation has been made for the care and protection of this 
reservation, Mr. Charles M. Ziebach, in charge of the Indian Indus- 
trial School, Fort Totten, has been continued as acting superintend- 
ent, and required to exercise the necessary supervision and control 
over the same until appropriation is made therefor by Congress. 

The tract is well wooded and has an ample supply of water and 
many rugged hills, among which, on the western boundary, lies what 
is known as ''Sullys Hill. " In the southwestern part is a small body 
of water known as "Sweet Water Lake," west of which the surface 
is generally level and the soil good. 

Approximately 40 persons camped in the park for three days or 
more during the past summer, and 150 spent one day in sight-seeing. 

The steamboat landing is at least 2 miles from the park, and the 
acting superintendent recommends the building of a dock to allow 
boats to land within the park limits, to make it more accessible for 
visitors. Until this is done, as well as repair work upon the roads, con- 
struction of new ones, the walling up oi springs, etc., the reservation 
is not likely to be patronized to any extent. There are no buildings 
or improvements of any kind in the park. 

The acting superintendent renews his previous estimates for an 
appropriation of $3,000 for the fiscal year 1911. 

CASA GRANDE RUIN. 

This reservation is located near Florence, Ariz., about 18 miles 
northeast of Casa Grande station, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, 
and contains about 480 acres. It was set aside by executive order 
dated June 22, 1902, under the act approved March 2, 1889 (25 Stat., 
961). 

Casa Grande is an Indian ruin of undetermined antiquity, which 
was discovered in 1694 by Padre Kino, a Jesuit missionary. This 



12 

great house is said to be the most important ruhi of its type in the 
Southwest, and as such it has strong claims for arcliseological study, 
repair, and permanent preservation. It is built of puddled clay, 
molded into walls and dried in the sun, and is of perishable character. 
The main building 'as originally live or six stories high and covered 
a space 59 feet l)y 43 feet 3 inclies. The walls have been gradually 
disintegrating, owing to the action of the elements. A corrugated 
iron roof has heretofore been erected over this building to protect it, 
so far as practicable, from further decay. 

Surrounding Casa Grande proper is a rectangular walled inclosure 
or "compound," having an area of about 2 acres. In this inclosure, 
which has been called "Compound A," there have recentl}^ been ex- 
cavated a luimber of buildings or clusters of rooms, and others are 
known to exist which have not yet been excavated. Two other com- 
pounds have been discovered and designated, respectivel}^, "Com- 
pound B" and "Compoimd C." The former has been the scene of 
operations during the past year, but the latter has not yet been ex- 
cavated and is still in the form of a mound. The three compounds 
together constitute what is known as the "Casa Grande" group of 
ruins. 

The custodian, Mr. Frank Pinkley, who resides on the reservation, 
reports that the ground plan of the ruins was increased by some 57 
or 58 rooms, a number of large plazas, and surrounding walls, making 
the total number of rooms now open on the ground floor over 100, 
and as a result of work done by Doctor Fewkes, of the Bureau of 
Ethnology, the points of interest to visitors have been materially 
increased. 

No money, other than the custodian's regular salary, was expended 
this year. 

Mr. Pinkley recommends that an appropriation of $3,000 be secured 
for the erection of a museum building near the ruins to shelter the 
results of future excavations, and to place the household utensils, 
war and agricultural instruments, and other objects belonging to 
the prehistoric people in proper relation to the architecture and 
environment, to facilitate the study, from a scientist's point of view, 
of any one phase of the aboriginal life. He also recommends an ap- 
propriation of $2,000 for further excavation and development work. 

It is reported that there is need for literature for distribution to 
visitors, and that probably 2,000 fifty-page pamphlets could be 
easily disposed of the first year, and greatly increase interest in the 
reservation. 

There are to the east of the Casa Grande Ruin two other groups of 
ruins, which the custodian reports are on land thrown open to settle- 
ment, and one of which is endangered by the proposed construction 
of a railroad, and he suggests that such ruins be added by Congress 
to the reservation now existing. 

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